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Abnormal Uterine Bleeding (AUB) is a common gynecological complaint, affecting many women at some point in their lives. Understanding its causes, symptoms, and available treatments is crucial for effective management and prevention of more serious health issues. Advanced Gynecology of Reno provides expert insights into AUB, helping women navigate this complex condition.
What is Abnormal Uterine Bleeding?
Abnormal Uterine Bleeding refers to any bleeding from the uterus that is irregular in amount, duration, or timing. It includes bleeding that is heavier or lighter than normal, periods that last longer or are shorter than usual, and bleeding between periods or after menopause.
Symptoms of AUB
- Heavy menstrual bleeding
- Bleeding between periods
- Prolonged bleeding during menstrual periods
- Spotting before or after periods
- Bleeding after sexual intercourse
- Bleeding after menopause
Identifying these symptoms early can lead to more effective management and treatment.
Common Causes of AUB
Abnormal Uterine Bleeding can be caused by a variety of factors, categorized by the PALM-COEIN system developed by the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO).
PALM Causes (Structural Factors)
- Polyps: Benign growths that can lead to irregular menstrual bleeding
- Adenomyosis: Glands from the endometrium become embedded in the uterine muscle
- Leiomyomas (Fibroids): Non-cancerous tumors in the uterus
- Malignancy and Hyperplasia: Cancerous growths and precancerous changes in the uterine lining
COEIN Causes (Non-structural Factors)
- Coagulopathies: Blood clotting disorders like Von Willebrand disease
- Ovulatory Dysfunctions: Issues related to ovulation, often resulting in heavy or irregular menstrual cycles
- Endometrial: Conditions affecting the lining of the uterus
- Iatrogenic: Caused by medical treatment or procedures
- Not Yet Classified: Other undefined causes
Diagnostic Approaches for AUB
Diagnosing Abnormal Uterine Bleeding involves several steps to determine the exact cause and appropriate treatment.
Initial Evaluation
- Medical History: Assessing symptoms, menstrual cycle regularity, and medical history
- Physical Examination: Including pelvic examination to check for abnormalities
Diagnostic Tests
- Ultrasound: To detect abnormalities like fibroids and polyps
- Blood Tests: To check for hormonal imbalances and blood disorders
- Biopsy: To evaluate the cells of the uterine lining
Treatment Options for AUB
Treatment for Abnormal Uterine Bleeding depends on the underlying cause, age, and reproductive goals of the patient.
Medications
- Hormonal Therapies: Such as birth control pills or intrauterine devices (IUDs) to regulate menstrual cycles
- Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs): To reduce menstrual blood loss
- Antifibrinolytics: Medications to help reduce heavy menstrual bleeding
Surgical Treatments
- Endometrial Ablation: Removing the lining of the uterus to reduce menstrual flow
- Myomectomy: Surgical removal of uterine fibroids
- Hysterectomy: Removal of the uterus; considered for severe cases
Managing AUB at Advanced Gynecology of Reno
At Advanced Gynecology of Reno, we understand the impact that AUB can have on a woman’s life. Our team of specialists is dedicated to providing comprehensive care from diagnosis to customized treatment plans, ensuring that every patient receives the attention and treatment they need. For more information or to schedule a consultation, contact us today.